La Crisis Democrática Global: Resiliencia, Innovación y Renovación del contrato social en el Siglo XXI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51660/Palabras clave:
Crisis democrática, resiliencia institucional, democracia deliberativa, participación cívica, legitimidad política, contrato social, asambleas ciudadanasResumen
Objetivo. Analizar las dimensiones multidimensionales de la crisis democrática contemporánea, examinar mecanismos de resiliencia institucional, innovaciones participativas, desafíos tecnológicos emergentes y estrategias de renovación del contrato social que fortalecen las democracias en el contexto global actual.
Metodología. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura académica reciente (2020-2025) y análisis empírico con datos de fuentes internacionales reconocidas: V-Dem Database versión 15, Electoral Integrity Project, OECD Trust Surveys, LATINNO Database, Freedom House Reports y World Values Survey. Se empleó metodología mixta combinando análisis cuantitativo de tendencias democráticas globales en 179 países, estudio cualitativo de casos de asambleas ciudadanas y evaluación de innovaciones participativas. La cobertura temporal incluye principalmente 2020-2025 con líneas base históricas desde 1990.
Resultados. La investigación evidencia una crisis democrática sistémica caracterizada por: declive sostenido en confianza política (desplome en 36 democracias consolidadas), deterioro de integridad electoral en 33 de 62 países evaluados en 2024, incremento de polarización afectiva en 25% de naciones, y erosión gradual de normas democráticas mediante mecanismos legales. Sin embargo, se identifican capacidades de resiliencia mensurables: más de 300 procesos deliberativos globales involucran a millones de ciudadanos; los procesos institucionalizados crecieron de 22 a 41 casos entre 2020-2023; países con mayor resiliencia institucional muestran mejor desempeño frente al deterioro; innovaciones participativas en América Latina documentan efectividad incluso en sociedades polarizadas.
Conclusión. La sostenibilidad democrática del siglo XXI requiere una transformación sistémica integral que articule seis dimensiones: fortalecimiento de resiliencia institucional, implementación de innovaciones participativas escalables, gobernanza democrática de tecnologías emergentes, capacidades para gobernanza ambiental participativa, inclusión de nuevas generaciones, y políticas redistributivas. Las democracias con mayor resiliencia institucional y comprometidas con la renovación del contrato social mediante procesos participativos ofrecen vías efectivas para restaurar legitimidad y adaptabilidad democrática frente a los desafíos complejos del siglo XXI.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Alberto Rojas Rios (Autor/a)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
